Western thought’s worldview of the concept of man has influenced much of the theoretical basis of science. Without realizing it, the Western interpretation of the human concept still raises debates just like the concept of the economic man. The West’s failure to understand the concept of the economic man had an impact on economic problems in the neoclassical era. This study aims to analyze the worldview analogy of Western thinking about human nature from various figures and relate it to the (...) context of economic problems in a neoclassical era. This study uses a conceptual approach. Western interpretations of human nature tend to be based on the nature of animals such as rational animals, zoon politicon, and homo sapiens. Meanwhile, in an economic aspect, humans are considered selfish, materialistic, self-interested, greedy, and always want to gain power. The worldview of various Western figures in interpreting human economics leads to the rationality of materialism. It can be said that the Western worldview fails in understanding the human concept. Failure to understand this concept raises complex economic problems in the neoclassical era such as scarcity, climate crisis, poverty, and welfare. Because human nature is uncontrollably exploiting nature through production activities to increase wealth is a main factor. (shrink)

With the stages completion of the office buildings at the Government Office Precincts, staff have been relocating themselves from the previous office complex in Kuala Lumpur to Putrajaya and tend to let themselves as full time Putrajaya residents. Thus, with the careful planning of having sufficient housing units to cater the influx Government staff, Precinct 9 is among the few pioneer sections of Putrajaya’s new Malaysia Federal Government Administrative Center to reside such an important administrators of the nations. Specially designed (...) high rise apartment and link houses been formulated to cater the need of the Government staff with the millennium concept of garden city’s ‘live-work’ environment. The completion of the terrace double storey garden houses with the nation’s first fenceless housing concept create a unique identity to this new millennium planned community. The study will just simply to study the impact of the designed houses that can be as a model where we think that the initiative of the Malaysian Federal Government in creating the new concept of borderless housing with such a high class accommodation just to cater their Government servants. (shrink)

This article investigates the specific cultural and collaborative nature of China’s public spaces and how they are formed through performative appropriations. Collective cultural practices as political participation were encouraged during the Mao era when cultural activities played a key role in workers’ education and participation. Since the opening-up period, performance in public space has become widespread in China and creates alternative community spaces that constitute alternatives to capitalist spaces of consumption. Using Habermas’s theory of communicative action, we argue that cultural (...) practices performed in public space create a proletariat public sphere that plays a wider role in governance and China’s democratization. Further, the article examines performative practices in public space. It traces the popular activity of public square dancing through history and counters this research with a parallel study of a much younger skateboarding practice. The two practices are very differently rooted. Yet both practices appear to move through cycles of disruption and appropriation, followed by an affirmation of governmental rule. The studies reveal that western ideas of citizenship and individual leisure are less applicable. Public spaces are largely managed through collaborative practices, whereas contemporary scholarship reaffirms Fei Xiaotong’s description of Chinese society as individuals positioned within a complex network of concentric circles. (shrink)

The first implantation of a brain chip into a human paralysis patient by Neuralink demonstrated much potential for treating debilitating neurological diseases and injuries. Nevertheless, brain chips can also be implanted in healthy people to provide an interface between the human brain with computers, robotic machines, and novel artificial intelligence platforms, which generates new ethical issues. The focus here is on the development of brain chip implants that can significantly improve memory, intelligence, and cognition, thereby boosting performance in national examinations (...) for university admissions and securing civil service jobs, thus providing a “game-changer” and “shortcut” for many students and parents. Given that Islam is a major world religion, constituting a significant portion of the global population, it is crucial for the biomedical industry to comprehend Islamic perspectives on emerging medical technologies, which will enable it to more effectively cater to a substantial and growing demographic. We thus critically examine whether the application of brain chip technology to enhance academic performance in highly competitive examinations is consistent with Islamic principles. Based on the Islamic jurisprudential framework, such an application for intellectual enhancement of normal and healthy people without any mental impairment may conflict with the injunction to preserve intellect (Hifz al-Aql) and “consideration of consequences” (murāʿāt al-ma'ālāt) in Islam. It may also be viewed as tampering with Allah’s creation (Taghyir Khalq Allah). Gaining such unfair advantages in competitive examinations will likely be viewed as unethical, by transgressing the core Islamic precepts of Amanah (trustworthiness), Al-‘Adl (justice), Ikhlas (sincerity), and Mujahadah (striving). (shrink)

Orphans and vulnerable children fall under the category of children who are at risk of exposure to more stressful circumstances and receive less social assistance compared to other children. This study aims to investigate the impact of group counseling based on social intervention and psychological therapy on social support and the perceived stress growth of orphans and vulnerable children. In one special educational needs school in Nanning, China, the SSGPC was developed and implemented. Using the social support and post-stress growth (...) scales, the researchers investigated the effects of SSGPC on orphans and vulnerable children. Twenty-seven orphans and vulnerable children between the ages of nine and 12 were arbitrarily assigned to the experimental and control groups. A pre-test post-test method of quasi-experimental design was applied, with 13 participants in the experimental group and 14 in the control group. The results revealed that the intervention group had significantly higher scores for social support and post-stress growth than the control group. The SSGPC had significantly improved the levels of social support for orphans. The findings indicated that the SSGPC provided an effective way to improve social support and post-stress growth of orphans and vulnerable children. (shrink)

This is an era when the Islamic World is making a range of attempts to redefine itself and to grapple with the challenges of modernity. Many schools of thought have emerged which seek to position modern Islam within the context of a rapidly changing contemporary world. Exploring and defining the relationship between religion and knowledge, Ismail Rafi Al-Faruqi, a distinguished 20th century Arab-American scholar of Islam, formulated ideas which have made substantial contributions to the Islam-and-modernity discourse. His review of the (...) interaction between Islam and knowledge examines the philosophy behind this relationship, and the ways in which Islam can relate to our understanding of science, the arts, architecture, technology and other knowledge-based fields of enquiry. This book includes contributions from Seyyed Hossein Nasr, John Esposito, Charles Fletcher and others, and will prove an essential reference point for scholars of Islam and students of philosophy and comparative religion. (shrink)

This is an era when the Islamic World is making a range of attempts to redefine itself and to grapple with the challenges of modernity. Many schools of thought have emerged which seek to position modern Islam within the context of a rapidly changing contemporary world. Exploring and defining the relationship between religion and knowledge, Ismail Rafi Al-Faruqi, a distinguished 20th century Arab-American scholar of Islam, formulated ideas which have made substantial contributions to the Islam-and-modernity discourse. His review of the (...) interaction between Islam and knowledge examines the philosophy behind this relationship, and the ways in which Islam can relate to our understanding of science, the arts, architecture, technology and other knowledge-based fields of enquiry. This book includes contributions from Seyyed Hossein Nasr, John Esposito, Charles Fletcher and others, and will prove an essential reference point for scholars of Islam and students of philosophy and comparative religion. (shrink)

Dialogue is treated in this paper as a fundamental aspect of human nature that enables individuals to express themselves, seek truth, and build universal civilisation. This study explores the role of dialogue as a manifestation of human rationality and its implications for social harmony. Utilising a multidisciplinary approach, this research integrates philosophy, psychology, and social theory perspectives to analyse how dialogue shapes individual identity and collective understanding. The findings reveal that dialogue fosters cooperation, reduces prejudice, and enhances trust between groups (...) but is often hindered by polarisation, fanaticism, and misinformation in the digital era. This paper argues that effective dialogue requires individual communication skills and social structures that promote inclusivity and rationality. This study contributes to the discourse on building a more inclusive and just civilisation through meaningful communication by addressing these challenges. (shrink)

Smart apps creator (SAC) is a software utilized to create educational media through both computers and mobile phones to facilitate teaching learning process in school. It has several advantages for developing interactive learning between teachers and students with Canva application assistance. There are 11 teachers of elementary school in SDN Lau Kudus are trained to create their creative and innovative teaching materials equipped with games. Throughout the training, the approach used is hands-on practice conducted actively by participants in creating every (...) step of the process of making SAC. Group discussions are also an important part in allowing participants to exchange ideas and to experience in utilizing SAC features for various teaching materials. In addition, this training is project-based learning to encourage participants to complete relevant media projects. The result after conducting the project is found that through teachers as participants claimed having enlightened ideas, knowledge and skill improved increased 86,36% than pretest score of 38%. Besides, all participants were satisfied with the implementation of the training, both in terms of materials, instructors and infrastructure. They expect to conduct a sustaining training program as follow-up visits scheduled of community service. (shrink)

Mental fatigue is a psycho-biological state that impairs sports-related performances. Recently, it has been proved that MF can affect basketball performance. However, a systematic overview detailing the influences of MF on basketball performance is still lacking. This study aims to investigate the effects of MF on the physical, technical, tactical, and cognitive performance of basketball. We used the databases of PubMed, Web of Science, SPORTDiscus, Scopes, and CKNI for articles published up to 31 May 2021. The articles included in this (...) study were projected to test whether MF influences basketball athlete performance. Only experimental design studies were selected, and the control condition was without MF. Finally, seven articles fit the inclusion criteria. The results imply that MF impairs the technical aspects of basketball and the players' cognitive [take-the-first heuristics and decision-making] performance, which results in athletes not using their techniques skillfully and being unable to make practical decisions during critical points in the game. In addition to that, the influences of MF on physical and tactical performance have not been studied. Further studies should look into comprehensive research on the influences of MF on basketball performance, especially on a player's physical and tactical performance.Systematic Review Registration: [https://inplasy.com/] [INPLASY2021100017]. (shrink)

In graph theory, the concept of domination is essential in a variety of domains. It has broad applications in diverse fields such as coding theory, computer net work models, and school bus routing and facility lo cation problems. If a fuzzy graph fails to obtain acceptable results, neutrosophic sets and neutrosophic graphs can be used to model uncertainty correlated with indeterminate and inconsistent information in arbitrary real-world scenario. In this study, we consider the concept of domination as it relates to (...) single-valued neutrosophic incidence graphs (SVNIGs). Given the importance of domination and its utilization in numerous fields, we propose the application of dominating sets in SVNIG with valid edges. We present some relevant definitions such as those of valid edges, cardinality, and isolated vertices in SVNIG along with some examples. Furthermore, we also show a few significant sets connected to the dominating set in an SVNIG such as independent and irredundant sets. We also investigate a relationship between the concepts of dominating sets and domination numbers as well as irredundant and independence sets in SVNIGs. Finally, a real-life deployment of domination in SVNIGsis investigated in relation to COVID-19 vaccination locations as a practical application. (shrink)

This study investigated the mechanisms behind episodic autobiographical memory development in school-age children. Thirty children performed a novel EAM test. We computed one index of episodicity via autonoetic consciousness and two indices of retrieval spontaneity for a recent period and a more remote one . Executive functions, and episodic and personal semantic memory were assessed. Results showed that recent autobiographical memories were mainly episodic, unlike remote ones. An age-related increase in the indices of episodicity and specific spontaneity for recent AMs (...) was mainly mediated by an age-related increase in the efficiency of the three cognitive abilities. Remote AMs varied only slightly with age , reflecting improvements in semantic abilities. Thus, EAM development in school-age children is essentially bound up with the increasing efficiency of cognitive abilities. Results are discussed in the light of models of childhood amnesia. (shrink)

BackgroundDue to causing inability of self-regulation and executive functions such as directed attention and visual searching for relevant information, mental fatigue impairs skilled performance in various sports. On the other hand, natural scenes could improve directed attention, which may considerably benefit visual searching ability and self-regulation. However, nature exposure as a potential intervention to improve skilled performance among mentally fatigued athletes has not been discussed thoroughly.PurposeTo propose the potential intervention for the impairment of skilled performance among mentally fatigued athletes and (...) generate a framework for future studies.MethodsA narrative review was applied to search broadly across disciplines, retrieving literature from several databases.ResultsThirty-three works of literature including 39 experiments were obtained. Finally, a conceptual framework was built regarding the effect of nature exposure intervention on skilled performance in athletes for future studies.ConclusionThree theories could be potentially integrated to be a conceptual framework and explain the mechanism of preventing prior mental exertion. Future studies could examine more on the duration of the intervention. (shrink)

: This article analyses the roles of ‘ulamā’ in propagating the messageof Islam in the Malay world. Islam managed to reach many corners of the Malayworld in the 17th century. Evidence has indicated that ‘ulamā’ were amongthose who had participated actively in propagating the messages of Islam tothe local people. Classical Malay texts served as the best available records tounderstand the roles of these ‘ulamā’ at that time. Hence, analysis are made onselected classical Malay texts in order to understand the (...) actual roles played bythe ‘ulamā’ in the Malay world at that time in transforming the understandingof the local Malay people from the beliefs in Hindu-Buddhist and animism toIslam. Three significant roles of the ‘ulamā’ at that time have been identifiednamely propagating knowledge to the local people, religious advisors to therulers as well as engaging with the non-Muslims. (shrink)

While it seems clear that the shari’ah had a formative influence on property rights, public space and land use, the primary aim of this book is to study what implications the practice of the Maliki school of Islamic law have for the inhabitants of the Islamic city.

The Place of the Mosque probes a host of discursive formations—spaces of public assembly and social interaction, quotidian practices, disputed sites, and biopolitics—while critiquing their peculiar anomalies. It goes beyond architectural criticism to emphasize the interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary study of place and space.

The Shi’i-Ismāʿīlīs, who established the Fāṭimid Caliphate after conducting long-term missionary activities across the Muslim world, placed significant emphasis on the regulation, teaching, and implementation of law as a fundamental requirement of their rule. This study aims to explain the Ismāʿīlī legal system and the institution of the judiciary within the con-text of Fāṭimid administrative circles, social structure, and spatial organization. To this end, the approaches of state officials and qāḍīs in their judicial activities, as well as the social im-pacts (...) of the law, have been examined through various historical accounts. The data collected has made it possible to explain the judicial activities in relation to the conditions of the time. The study addresses two main topics: the teaching and the application of Ismāʿīlī-Fāṭimid law. The establishment of study circles, the books studied, and the works of key aut-hors, along with the influence of Qāḍī Abu Hanifa al-Nuʿmān b. Muhammad (363/974) and Abu'l-Faraj Ya'qub b. Killis (380/991) on legal education and the judicial system, are promi-nent topics related to Ismāʿīlī legal instruction. The application of Ismāʿīlī law, specifically ju-dicial activities, is another central theme explored in this study. In this context, it is impor-tant to highlight the existing literature on the functioning of the judiciary and the position of qāḍīs during the Fāṭimid period. The study also places particular emphasis on identifying narratives regarding the approaches of statesmen and qāḍīs in judicial activities, as well as examining the social impact of law. This study seeks to offer a thorough analysis of the Ismāʿīlī-Fāṭimid legal system, grounded in historical sources. In doing so, it places emphasis on examining the approaches of state officials and qāḍīs in their judicial activities, as well as the social impacts of the law, as depicted in historical accounts. During the literature review conducted, Ismāʿīlī sources were utilized, benefiting from both primary and secondary sour-ces. The Fāṭimids, who carried out propagation activities for a long time under the da'i system, structured the law and conducted judicial activities in accordance with the princip-les of Ismāʿīlī faith. One of the key indicators is that the qāḍī al-qudāt held a rank higher than that of the da'i. The appointments of qāḍīs were conducted with a specific ceremony, and their areas of responsibility were clearly defined. Additionally, it should be noted that, in the judicial activities of the Ismāʿīlī-Fāṭimid period in Egypt, Sunnī qāḍīs were also appointed alongside Shi’i-Ismāʿīlī qāḍīs as a practice that supported the society's alignment with the government. The focal points of influence in judicial activities underwent changes over time. From the establishment of the state, the judicial influence of certain families and circles re-mained prominent. Over time, as the political influence of the Fāṭimid khalīfahs weakened and administrative functions deteriorated, it became evident that viziers with high authority began intervening in the appointment and responsibilities of qāḍīs in Egypt, thus shaping the judicial system. (shrink)

The Ismāilī/Bātinī movement was criticized by early Ahl al-Sunnah kalam schools on different matters, one of which is the angel belief that is also related to other principles of faith. However, the issue of angels was not a direct subject of criticism; instead, it was mostly discussed in connection with related matters such as prophethood and the afterlife. On that note, the Ismāilī/Bātinī teaching, due to their views on prophethood and the afterlife, was accused of denying angels by some Ash‘arī (...) mutakallims. While Hanafī-Māturīdī kalam scholars found faults with the same points, they did not make such an accusation. Moreover, pointing out as the source of the opinions above to philosophers increased the merit of these criticisms. In the present study, after alluding to the claims and the accusations of the parties concerned, the matter of angels will be discussed in relation to prophethood and the afterlife from the viewpoint of the Ismāilī/Bātinī teaching. While doing so, their own works will be consulted. Subsequently, the criticisms of Ahl al-Sunnah will be compared with the views of the Ismāilī/Bātinī doctrine concerning the issue of angels. Also, the significance and value of different viewpoints put forward by the related schools of thought will be presented in terms of the consequences of those views. (shrink)

The Commentary on Sefer Yeṣira, with its pronounced Pythagorean and Neo-Platonic overtones, written by Saadya Gaon in 931, stands out among the other writings of this Jewish theologian, and raises the question of the purpose of its composition. It has been argued that in writing a commentary on this work of letter-speculation, Saadya responded to mythical and mystical trends in tenth-century Judaism, endeavoring to recast this foundational mystical text as a work of rational philosophy. The present article argues that Saadya (...) was also responding to the intellectual challenge of his broader environment, stretching beyond the Jewish community. In some circles in the Islamicate world, letterspeculations, often associated with the sciences of the occult, were presented in this period as the height of philosophy. In particular, al-Tawḥīdī’s account of the Pure Brethren and Ibn Masarra’s Book on the Properties of Letters demonstrate the relevance of these trends in Saadya’s immediate geographic and intellectual environment. (shrink)